Recidivism: an exploration of juvenile prison inmates subjective perception of their return to prison

Magister Psychologiae - MPsychDespite the unpleasant living conditions in prison, recidivism seems to be an uncontrollable phenomenon. It is evident that prison life is harsh with inmates having to sleep on the floors due to overpopulation, frequently subjected to physical and sexual abuse, and overpopulation leading to numerous communicable diseases, such as tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections. Prison should therefore, be the least favourable ecosystem in which to be incorporated. However, research indicates that thousands of youth return to prison habitually. This study aimed to explore juvenile inmates perceptions of their return to prison. Although recidivism is often measured in terms of the success of rehabilitation programmes, this study focused on eliciting socio-economic factors influencing recidivism.South Afric

The urban ‘Intangibles of Māori-ness’: an ethnographic study of urban Marae curriculum as decolonial praxis

An ethnographic description of our urban pan-tribal Marae - Hoani Waititi - is described through the lens of a host of poukōrero/participants via a learning conversations research model developed for this study, ‘Whakawhitiwhiti Rua’. The nature of the urban Marae curriculum by way of anticolonial pursuits of Indigenous education within orientations that draw from humanism and social reconstructionism is characteristic of Hoani Waititi Marae. Themes of a constructive view, destructive effects, influences, and cultural maintenance arise. Epistemology and knowledge derivation are explored within a conceptual frame of reference, and are defined as specialised knowledge, as methodology or kaupapa Māori/Māori purpose, and as curriculum. A study of the effects or outcomes of the Marae curriculum reveals themes of sacrifice, choices, mana/prestige, and challenge. The facilitation of the Marae curriculum continues to revise the wānanga/cultures. Implications for the education of Māori in this supposed postcolonial world are uncovered, being the adaptation of Māori, the restoration of Māori, tāngata whenua/people of the land recognition and tāngata whenua not recognised in New Zealand society. Knowledge dissemination and educational implications are celebrated

Lactation following bereavement: how can midwives support women to make informed choices?

Perinatal loss, defined as the death of a baby within the neonatal period, stillbirth or late miscarriage (determined for the purpose of this paper as 20 weeks’ gestation), has been identified by multiple agencies and organisations as a focus for increased parental support. However, the lactation needs of mothers are broadly overlooked, which can lead to engorgement, mastitis and psychological harm. The most commonly offered option of pharmacological suppression is controversial due to a lack of efficacy, and concerns about physiological effects (Cole 2012). Women may already have stored frozen expressed breast milk (EBM) within the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), or be discharged home before their milk comes in several days later. In our experience, information and guidance for bereaved mothers about lactation and EBM are often lacking.For preterm neonates, the use of human milk for nutrition has been demonstrated to have significant health benefits compared to artificial formula (Quigley & McGuire 2014). Incidence of infection-related events, such as urinary tract infections, necrotising enterocolitis and sepsis can be reduced, and lengths of stay in the NICU are shortened when human milk is used (Maffei & Schanler 2017). While mother’s-own-milk (MOM) is the optimal form of human milk, the use of donor human milk can act as a bridge whilst a mother establishes her milk production, or in instances where MOM cannot be used. Milk banking has been carried out in the United Kingdom (UK) for over 80 years, based on the voluntary donation of milk from women screened according to national guidelines (NICE 2010). Current research describes a diverse population of milk donors in the UK, for whom key motivators to donate were the encouragement of health professionals alongside the sense of altruism gained from the experience (Thomaz et al 2008). For bereaved parents, with appropriate support, milk donation may aid the grieving process, but previously the evidence had not been examined in a systematic manner. Expressed milk belongs to the mother and its fate after infant loss is her decision. However, bereaved mothers are often overlooked as potential milk donors (Carroll et al 2014). This study aimed to search the literature and examine local practice in order to explore the experience of bereaved mothers; in particular regarding the subject of milk donation following perinatal loss, in order to guide training and inform recommendations for future practice.Peer reviewe

The structure of an LIM-only protein 4 (LMO4) and deformed epidermal autoregulatory factor-1 (DEAF1) complex reveals a common mode of binding to LMO4

LIM-domain only protein 4 (LMO4) is a widely expressed protein with important roles in embryonic development and breast cancer. It has been reported to bind many partners, including the transcription factor Deformed epidermal autoregulatory factor-1 (DEAF1), with which LMO4 shares many biological parallels. We used yeast two-hybrid assays to show that DEAF1 binds both LIM domains of LMO4 and that DEAF1 binds the same face on LMO4 as two other LMO4-binding partners, namely LIM domain binding protein 1 (LDB1) and C-terminal binding protein interacting protein (CtIP/RBBP8). Mutagenic screening analysed by the same method, indicates that the key residues in the interaction lie in LMO4LIM2 and the N-terminal half of the LMO4-binding domain in DEAF1. We generated a stable LMO4LIM2-DEAF1 complex and determined the solution structure of that complex. Although the LMO4-binding domain from DEAF1 is intrinsically disordered, it becomes structured on binding. The structure confirms that LDB1, CtIP and DEAF1 all bind to the same face on LMO4. LMO4 appears to form a hub in protein-protein interaction networks, linking numerous pathways within cells. Competitive binding for LMO4 therefore most likely provides a level of regulation between those different pathways.SJ was funded by an Australian Postgraduate Award (education.gov.au/australian-postgraduate-awards). JPM and JMM were awarded Senior Research Fellowships from the Australian National and Medical Research Council (www.nhmrc.gov.au). This project was funded by an Australian Research Council (www. arc.gov.au) Discovery Project Grant (DP110104332) to JMM and LC

The association system of the European Economic Community and its impact on international trade policies.

Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, 1974.No abstract

Three new species of \u3ci\u3eCautethia\u3c/i\u3e Grote (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) from the Lucayan Archipelago and keys to West Indies species

. Five species of Cautethia Grote (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) occur in the Lucayan (Bahamas) Archipelago, three of which are new to science. Cautethia simoni Miller, Matthews, and Gott, new species, is described and illustrated from Mayaguana Island, Bahamas, and Providenciales and Grand Turk of the Turks and Caicos Islands. Cautethia gossi Miller, Matthews, and Gott, new species, is described and illustrated from Great Inagua, Bahamas. Cautethia geraceorum Miller, Matthews, and Gott, new species, is described from San Salvador Island. Diagnoses are provided and new island records are reported for the two previously described Bahamas species, Cautethia grotei Edwards and Cautethia exuma McCabe. A taxonomic key based primarily on genitalia is provided for males and known females of the ten described species occurring in the West Indies. COI barcodes were obtained from representative Bahamas specimens and analyzed along with existing barcodes

Idaho Guardian Ad Litem: 2022 Program Evaluation

Idaho’s Court Appointed Special Advocate (CASA) Programs serve children and youth across the state in child protection cases. These Programs support the state’s guardians ad litem (GALs) who are appointed by the courts to represent children and youth and their best interests in child protection cases. The Idaho Supreme Court commissioned the School of Public Service (SPS) at Boise State University to perform an external and impartial evaluation of Idaho’s Guardian Ad Litem Program, focusing on a number of research questions aiming to assess recruitment and retention of GALs, perceptions of GALs and CASA programs, and alignment with relevant national CASA standards, Idaho statutes, and Idaho Juvenile Rules. KEY FINDINGS Idaho CASA Programs are making concerted efforts to align with national best practices for child advocacy and with key provisions of Idaho Code §§ 16-1632-33 as well as Idaho Juvenile Rule 35 Idaho’s seven CASA Programs effectively train GALs on a variety of statutorily-mandated topics. Magistrate judges, CASA Program directors, and GALs all indicate overwhelmingly that GALs adequately advocate for the best interests of the child. Over the study period (2016-2020) 93% of children and youth in child protection cases had a GAL assigned to their case. Consistent challenges were identified by both GAL staff and volunteers and Executive Directors across the state. These challenges have also been noted in previous reports on child welfare in Idaho and include the need for more GALs and an improved working relationship with other key stakeholders in child protection matters. Many CASA Programs have plans for recruiting and retention, but need additional support in order to have enough GALs to serve children/youth in child protection cases